A sea of problems | Information
Climate change is no longer just about atmospheric warming. CO2 emissions are causing now a dramatic acidification of the oceans, which runs much faster than anticipated and threaten vital ecosystems
Aggregations, matured over thousands of years, is likely to be gone within the next 20-40 years if CO2 emissions are not reduced dramatically, predicts the report published up the UN's climate meeting in Poznan recently
It does not know it, but it's in danger, the Humboldt squid. The 10-armed, up to two meters long and 50-kilo sea hunter in flocks of up to 1,000 individuals can iron as silent torpedoes through tilapia fish the sea at 20 kilometers per hour in search of prey. With their big eyes, ferocious beak and countless suckers on long tentacles are the big squid effective in the hunt for fish and crustaceans. In recent decades they have spread from the hottest parts of the Pacific to now that could be taken straight from Patagonia in the south to the cold northern waters off Alaska. In some places they compete with local fishermen for fish of the sea, in other places they themselves an important part of fishing.
"The octopuses will be duller and more vulnerable to predators because they will no longer be able to escape from them," says Rui Rosa, marine biologist at the University of Lisbon. Together with his colleague Brad Seibel, University of Rhode Island, has Rosa recently in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published new research that explains how climate change will hit the big squid.
Humboldt squid must daily seek its prey in deep water where oxygen levels are low. To cope with it, it must run its metabolism tilapia fish down to a very low level, and it is only possible because the night can swim detailed surface and recharge with fresh oxygen.
The problem is that the ocean is changing as the atmosphere above. The sea water is warmer and can thus hold less oxygen. At the same time sucked ever more CO2 of water masses as a consequence of the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas. This makes the sea water more acidic.
It will make the squid slower and thus becoming victims of toothed whales and other marine predators, and it can also get the squid to look for more suitable waters. In both cases, it may involve significant changes in marine ecosystems, warns Seibel and Rosa. It is too acidic
Octopus can take comfort in the fact that there is much to 2100. Other marine ecosystems and living species have already noted that something is about to change. tilapia fish From many sites arises scientists that climate change in the atmosphere really is by going in the oceans. With an urgency that exceeds the model calculations.
The sea is like a sponge, over the past two centuries has sucked 4-500 billion tonnes of CO2 out of the atmosphere - the equivalent of half of all the CO2 that humans have emitted tilapia fish by burning fossil fuels.
Before industrialization began, there was a balance between air and ocean CO2 pools. CO2 fed water masses at the same rate as it was released. But since the use of fossil fuels really began, traffic is gone one way, and it changes now oceans composition.
"The oceans are sick. We do not know exactly how sick but there is enough evidence that we can say that ocean chemistry changes that some marine organisms will be affected, and that decision-makers must pull themselves up and relate to it, "said recently the American oceanographer James Orr, chairman of an international UN conference on climate change tilapia fish in the oceans, held in Monaco.
"Since the industrial revolution is the acidity of the upper water masses increased by 30 per cent. This change is greater and occurs about 100 times faster than previous events of acidification through millions of years," said James Orr.
And maybe it even faster than expected. Researchers from the University of Chicago recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences tilapia fish published measurements of seawater acidity at Tatoosh Island on the US west coast. tilapia fish
"The increase in acidity, we registered (since 2000), was of the same magnitude as we have been waiting to see throughout this century. It is a warning signal that the oceans may change sooner than many expect," said marine biologist Timothy Wooton from the research team.
The change, many marine organisms not keep up with. With acidification shrinks sea pool of the carbonate ions, which all organisms with limestone structures depends. As with human osteoporosis will their internal or external skeleton weakened or could not be built. tilapia fish The list of exposed organisms tilapia fish is long: phytoplankton and zooplankton, snails, clams, oysters, crabs, lobsters, starfish, sea urchins, coral reefs. And then all the animals higher up the food chain that le
Climate change is no longer just about atmospheric warming. CO2 emissions are causing now a dramatic acidification of the oceans, which runs much faster than anticipated and threaten vital ecosystems
Aggregations, matured over thousands of years, is likely to be gone within the next 20-40 years if CO2 emissions are not reduced dramatically, predicts the report published up the UN's climate meeting in Poznan recently
It does not know it, but it's in danger, the Humboldt squid. The 10-armed, up to two meters long and 50-kilo sea hunter in flocks of up to 1,000 individuals can iron as silent torpedoes through tilapia fish the sea at 20 kilometers per hour in search of prey. With their big eyes, ferocious beak and countless suckers on long tentacles are the big squid effective in the hunt for fish and crustaceans. In recent decades they have spread from the hottest parts of the Pacific to now that could be taken straight from Patagonia in the south to the cold northern waters off Alaska. In some places they compete with local fishermen for fish of the sea, in other places they themselves an important part of fishing.
"The octopuses will be duller and more vulnerable to predators because they will no longer be able to escape from them," says Rui Rosa, marine biologist at the University of Lisbon. Together with his colleague Brad Seibel, University of Rhode Island, has Rosa recently in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences published new research that explains how climate change will hit the big squid.
Humboldt squid must daily seek its prey in deep water where oxygen levels are low. To cope with it, it must run its metabolism tilapia fish down to a very low level, and it is only possible because the night can swim detailed surface and recharge with fresh oxygen.
The problem is that the ocean is changing as the atmosphere above. The sea water is warmer and can thus hold less oxygen. At the same time sucked ever more CO2 of water masses as a consequence of the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas. This makes the sea water more acidic.
It will make the squid slower and thus becoming victims of toothed whales and other marine predators, and it can also get the squid to look for more suitable waters. In both cases, it may involve significant changes in marine ecosystems, warns Seibel and Rosa. It is too acidic
Octopus can take comfort in the fact that there is much to 2100. Other marine ecosystems and living species have already noted that something is about to change. tilapia fish From many sites arises scientists that climate change in the atmosphere really is by going in the oceans. With an urgency that exceeds the model calculations.
The sea is like a sponge, over the past two centuries has sucked 4-500 billion tonnes of CO2 out of the atmosphere - the equivalent of half of all the CO2 that humans have emitted tilapia fish by burning fossil fuels.
Before industrialization began, there was a balance between air and ocean CO2 pools. CO2 fed water masses at the same rate as it was released. But since the use of fossil fuels really began, traffic is gone one way, and it changes now oceans composition.
"The oceans are sick. We do not know exactly how sick but there is enough evidence that we can say that ocean chemistry changes that some marine organisms will be affected, and that decision-makers must pull themselves up and relate to it, "said recently the American oceanographer James Orr, chairman of an international UN conference on climate change tilapia fish in the oceans, held in Monaco.
"Since the industrial revolution is the acidity of the upper water masses increased by 30 per cent. This change is greater and occurs about 100 times faster than previous events of acidification through millions of years," said James Orr.
And maybe it even faster than expected. Researchers from the University of Chicago recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences tilapia fish published measurements of seawater acidity at Tatoosh Island on the US west coast. tilapia fish
"The increase in acidity, we registered (since 2000), was of the same magnitude as we have been waiting to see throughout this century. It is a warning signal that the oceans may change sooner than many expect," said marine biologist Timothy Wooton from the research team.
The change, many marine organisms not keep up with. With acidification shrinks sea pool of the carbonate ions, which all organisms with limestone structures depends. As with human osteoporosis will their internal or external skeleton weakened or could not be built. tilapia fish The list of exposed organisms tilapia fish is long: phytoplankton and zooplankton, snails, clams, oysters, crabs, lobsters, starfish, sea urchins, coral reefs. And then all the animals higher up the food chain that le
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