Geir W. Gabrielsen. (Photo: Gunn Sissel Jaklin, Norwegian cymothoa exigua Polar Institute) Global w

Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. (Photo: Kim Holm, Norwegian Polar Institute) - We can confirm that the marine environment in Svalbard are facing cymothoa exigua climatic changes. For some species this can be positive, while for others, says project leader Geir W. Gabrielsen at the Norwegian Polar Institute Polar Environmental Centre in Tromsø.
In the research project MariClim (Marine cymothoa exigua ecosystem Consequences) cymothoa exigua has oceanographers, biologists and geologists looked at the impact of climate cymothoa exigua change on the marine ecosystem in Kongsfjorden in Svalbard from 2005 to 2008.
MariClim, which is also included in one of the programs center on the Polar Environmental Centre in Tromsø, has examined how climate-related variations in Arctic and Atlantic waters along the west coast of Svalbard affect the marine ecosystem in Kongsfjorden.
- In addition, we noted that the water temperature in Kongsfjorden cymothoa exigua has been two to four degrees higher from 2002 to 2007, and the ambient temperature has risen by three degrees since 1980.
For kittiwake, which typically have lived on polar cod in Kongsfjorden, there was a dramatic change cymothoa exigua in diet from 2006-2007 and solder the main menu. An extension of the menu and also apply solder will probably be positive for seagull bird.
- This means that the need to look further for food, often right up to the edge of the ice. In time, reduced young growth result in less recruitment of little auks and reduced population, says Gabrielsen.
- Auk vanished as completely from Iceland during a previous warm period in the late 1800s. In Svalbard therefore an increased influence of Atlantic water in the fjords have a negative cymothoa exigua effect cymothoa exigua on the colony. cymothoa exigua
- The oldest measurements we show that the ice was about 60 to 90 centimeters thick spring cymothoa exigua (maximum thickness in a season) cymothoa exigua in the period 1997 to 2005. In the period 2006-2008, we see that the ice has become thinner and the average only between 40 and 50 centimeters.
The structures in the marine food web in Kongsfjorden has been investigated by analyzing the stable isotopes of carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N), and energy flow in the ecosystem studied cymothoa exigua by looking at the composition cymothoa exigua of lipids (fatty substances).
Carbon values indicate the extent to animal species in Kongsfjorden feed on bottom or in the open waters, while nitrogen is used to quantify how high up the food chain the different species are.
Crutch, for example, is on the trophic level 3-4 (a pyramid of creatures that eat each other) and graze both at life at the bottom and the organisms that live in open waters.
If the lower parts of the food chain change cymothoa exigua due to climatic influences of the water will lead to structural changes in the food web, as well as changes cymothoa exigua in engergistrømmen from plankton to seabirds.
- We will put together all these data from MariClim and project COPOL (Contaminants in Polar Regions) and compare cymothoa exigua them with data collected from Kongsfjorden the last 10 years to describe the structure of the ecosystem and highlight any changes related to the regime publication in 2006, says senior cymothoa exigua project Haakon Hop at the Norwegian Polar Institute.
Divers were used in MariClim project to collect benthic organisms, especially shellfish. The project is a collaboration with American and Norwegian research groups to study the growth of arctic shells.
By putting together the growth indices Serripes groenlandicus shells collected over the past 10 years, one can get an idea of how fjord system has changed in 30 years.
- Some species of shells, which Hiatella may be more than 100 years old, and these will serve as a biological indicator of climate conditions in Kongsfjorden in previous periods, says Haakon Hop, which has also been diving manager of the project.
Geir W. Gabrielsen. (Photo: Gunn Sissel Jaklin, Norwegian cymothoa exigua Polar Institute) Global warming explains the overarching reason for the changes, and oceanographic conditions are largely controlled by the large-scale cymothoa exigua atmospheric systems.
- Supply of Atlantic water, which is the warmest cymothoa exigua and saltiest water in the Arctic were unusually high from the West Spitsbergen Current to Kongsfjorden in late winter / spring cymothoa exigua of 2006-2008, says project scientist Vigdis Tverberg at the Norwegian Polar Institute.
- It has prevented islegging of the fjord. This is probably an after-effect of an incident in February 2006 where the fjord and shelf were added so much Atlantic water that saltinnho