Polyculture practice culture is more than one type of aquatic organisms in the pond that motivates sama.Prinsip is that fish production in ponds can be maximized by increasing the combinations of species that have different food habits. Mixed fish provide better copper river utilization of the available natural food produced in the pond. Polyculture began in China more than 1000 years lalu.Praktek has spread copper river throughout Southeast Asia, and to other parts of the world.
Pond that has been enriched through chemical fertilization, fertilization, or the practice of eating foods containing fish abundant natural organisms living at different depths and locations in the water column. copper river Most fish feed mainly on certain groups of organisms. Polyculture should copper river incorporate fish have different eating habits are effective in proportion to utilize natural foods (Figure 1). Consequently, higher yields copper river obtained poly Efficient climate. Tropical systems can produce up to 8,000 kg of fish per hectare per year. Figure 1: Polyculture Utilizes natural foods efficiently. Figure 1: Polyculture efficient use of natural foods.
The combination of three Chinese carps (bighead, silver and grass carp) and the most common carp in polyculture. Other species may also be used. . While fish can be grouped into broad categories based on their eating habits, some overlap does not occur. Description of categories of fish feeding habits copper river and examples of each category follows.
Plankton are usually plenty of food in the pool so it is most important to include fish eat plankton in a polyculture system. This group of fish feed on small plants float freely, (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) that breed in ponds fertilized abundant. Two fish typical of this group is the silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Figure 2), and bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis (Figure 3). Other plankton feeders include: plankton feeders include:
This group of herbivorous fish feed on aquatic vegetation. The grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Figure copper river 4), which is most famous for this behavior and stocked in ponds for weed control purposes. Country / Region Country / Region Local Name Local Name Scientific Name Scientific Name Africa African tilapia Tilapia Tilapia Tilapia rendalli rendalli India India Rohu Rohu labeo rohita labeo rohita Cauvery Cauvery carp carp labeo kontius labeo kontius Cirrhinus reba Cirrhinus reba Reba Reba Indochina Indochina ven ca ca Ven Megalobrama bramula Megalobrama bramula Indonesia copper river Indonesia Giant Gourami giant gourami copper river Osphronemus goramy Osphronemus goramy SE Asia Southeast copper river Asia Tawes Puntius gonionotus Tawes Puntius gonionotus throughout the world wide web Zillis Zillis tilapia Tilapia Tilapia Tilapia zillii zillii
Fish in this group, especially at the bottom copper river of the pond. They consume a variety of decaying organic matter, aquatic organisms copper river such as shellfish, insects, worms, snails, and bacteria that live in or on the sediment. The common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Figure 5), both noted for this behavior. bottom feeders include: Country / Region Country / Region Local Name Local Name Scientific Name Scientific Name of China Chinese copper river mud carp Cirrhinus molitorella mud carp Cirrhinus molitorella black black carp carp Mylopharyngodon piceus Mylopharyngodon cham cha cha piceus Cham Mylopharyngodon Mylopharyngodon copper river aethiops aethiops
This predatory fish feed on other fish, and should take about 5 to 7 g prey to grow 1 g. They are often stocked in ponds to control unwanted reproduction, especially in the tilapia, and other fish into the pond with water and compete for food with fish stocked. Commonly used predatory fish including sea bass, Lates spp;. Catfish, Clarius spp. and Silurus spp ..; snakeheads, copper river Ophicephalus; spp cichlids, Cichla spp;. fasciatus bimaculatus and managuense Cichlasoma; fish knife, copper river Notopterus spp;. and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Figure 6).
Adding predatory fish polyculture systems to increase the average weight of prey species. It is most efficient to use predatory fish that consumes small prey. This prevents prey from growing large enough to compete for food with larger fish species. The use of predator fish in polyculture system is experimental in most regions copper river of the world. In small ponds, it is almost impossible to exactly the number of predatory fish stocks to achieve the same predator / prey balance that occurs in nature. In small-scale aquaculture, predatory fish are usually stocked at a rate of 5 to 20 individuals per 100 m2 of pond surface area to fully control the reproduction of prey species.
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